Kurkumin Sebagai Agen Antikanker pada Kanker Kolorektal: Penelitian

Nurwiyeni; M Ivan; Belia Riyasti Maresa; Maysa Triwahyuni; Nasywa Harditia Pradaningtyas

doi:10.31004/jerkin.v4i3.5372

Authors

Nurwiyeni Universitas Baiturrahmah
M Ivan Universitas Baiturrahmah
Belia Riyasti Maresa Universitas Baiturrahmah
Maysa Triwahyuni Universitas Baiturrahmah
Nasywa Harditia Pradaningtyas Universitas Baiturrahmah

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31004/jerkin.v4i3.5372

Keywords:

Apoptosis, Kanker Kolorektal, Kemoresistensi, Kurkumin, Nanopartikel

Abstract

Kanker kolorektal merupakan salah satu jenis kanker dengan angka kejadian dan kematian tinggi di dunia. Terapi konvensional seperti kemoterapi sering menghadapi kendala berupa resistensi obat, efek samping sistemik, dan kekambuhan, sehingga diperlukan agen terapi tambahan yang efektif dan aman. Kurkumin, senyawa bioaktif dari Curcuma longa, memiliki potensi antikanker melalui efek antiproliferatif, pro-apoptotik, modulasi jalur pensinyalan onkogenik, serta peningkatan sensitivitas terhadap kemoterapi. Meninjau bukti ilmiah mengenai peran kurkumin sebagai agen antikanker pada kanker kolorektal. Penulisan ini menggunakan metode systematic review sesuai pedoman PRISMA. Pencarian literatur dilakukan melalui PubMed, Scopus, dan Google Scholar (2020–2025) menggunakan kata kunci “curcumin”, “colorectal cancer”, “anticancer”, “apoptosis”, dan “chemoresistance”. Artikel yang dianalisis meliputi studi in vitro, in vivo, uji klinis, serta artikel tinjauan yang membahas mekanisme molekuler dan aplikasi terapeutik kurkumin. Dari 220 artikel yang ditemukan, dua puluh artikel memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Kurkumin terbukti menghambat proliferasi sel kanker kolorektal, menginduksi apoptosis, autophagy, dan ferroptosis, serta memodulasi jalur pensinyalan seperti NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, MAPK/ERK, Wnt/β-catenin, dan p53. Kurkumin juga meningkatkan sensitivitas terhadap kemoterapi (irinotekan, regorafenib, 5-fluorourasil, dan metformin) serta menurunkan kemoresistensi. Sistem penghantaran berbasis nanoteknologi, termasuk liposom, nanopartikel, dan enkapsulasi nanocellulose, meningkatkan bioavailabilitas dan efektivitas kurkumin. Kurkumin berpotensi sebagai agen antikanker multitarget pada kanker kolorektal dan dapat digunakan sebagai terapi adjuvan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas terapi standar. Diperlukan penelitian klinis lanjutan dengan formulasi terstandar dan sampel lebih besar untuk memastikan manfaat jangka panjang.

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