The Effect of Work-Life Integration on Employee Performance With Work Environment As A Moderating Variable: Penelitian

Tresna Kusumawati; Sumarno; Cattleya Rejito; Gilang Pranajasakti; Hertya Andriani

doi:10.31004/jerkin.v5i1.7669

Authors

Tresna Kusumawati Universitas Hang Tuah Surabaya
Sumarno STMIK Al-Muslim Bekasi
Cattleya Rejito Universitas Padjadjaran
Gilang Pranajasakti Universitas Muhammadiyah Ahmad Cirebon
Hertya Andriani Institut Maritim Prasetiya Mandiri

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31004/jerkin.v5i1.7669

Keywords:

Work-Life Integration, Employee Performance, Work Environment, Moderating Variables, Human Resource Management

Abstract

This study examines the effect of work-life integration on employee performance, with the work environment operating as a moderating variable within modern organizational settings. In an era dominated by rapid technological advancement and flexible working arrangements, traditional boundaries between professional obligations and personal life have blurred significantly, necessitating a shift from work-life balance to work-life integration. Using a quantitative approach based on Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), this paper develops a conceptual framework grounded in Social Exchange Theory and Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) Theory. The main objective is to clarify whether combining personal and professional responsibilities enhances employee productivity and whether physical and psychological work environments strengthen or weaken this relationship. The findings aim to provide strategic insights for human resource management practitioners on structuring supportive workplace environments while implementing flexible work models

References

Allen, T. D., Johnson, R. C., Kiburz, K. M., & Shockley, K. M. (2013). Work–family conflict and flexible work arrangements: Deconstructing flexibility. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 82(3), 155–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2013.01.005

Arikagba, H. O., & Otuaga, O. (2020). Physical work environment and employee performance in corporate organizations. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 10(2), 45–61.

Armstrong, M., & Taylor, S. (2020). Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice (15th ed.). Kogan Page.

Ashforth, B. E., Kreiner, G. E., & Fugate, M. (2000). All in a day's work: Boundary crossing and micro-transitions. Academy of Management Review, 25(3), 472–491. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2000.3363315

Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The Job Demands-Resources model: State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(3), 309–328. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940710733115

Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. John Wiley & Sons.

Campbell, J. P. (1990). Modeling the performance prediction problem in industrial and organizational psychology. In M. D. Dunnette & L. M. Hough (Eds.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 687–732). Consulting Psychologists Press.

Cascio, W. F. (2018). Managing human resources: Productivity, quality of work life, profits (11th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.

Cascio, W. F., & Montealegre, R. (2016). How technology is changing work and organizations. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 3(1), 349–375.

Chin, W. W. (2010). How to write up and report PLS analyses. In V. Esposito Vinzi, W. W. Chin, J. Henseler, & H. Wang (Eds.), Handbook of partial least squares (pp. 655–690). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-32827-8_29

Clark, S. C. (2000). Work/family border theory: A new theory of work/family balance. Human Relations, 53(6), 747–770. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726700536001

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.

Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review. Journal of Management, 31(6), 874–900. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206305279602

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The "what" and "why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268.

Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Nachreiner, F., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2001). The job demands-resources model of burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 499–512. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.3.499

Edmondson, A. (1999). Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(2), 350–383. https://doi.org/10.2307/2666999

Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A. G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 175–191. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193146

Feistritzer, G., Jones, M., & Smith, L. (2014). Work-life integration: Rethinking boundaries in a digital age. Human Resource Management Journal, 24(2), 112–128.

Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104

Gajendran, R. S., & Harrison, D. A. (2007). The good, the bad, and the unknown about telecommuting: Meta-analysis of psychological mediators and individual consequences. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(6), 1524–1541. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.6.1524

Geisser, S. (1974). A predictive approach to the random effect model. Biometrika, 61(1), 101–107. https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/61.1.101

Greenhaus, J. H., & Powell, G. N. (2006). When work and family are allies: A theory of work-family enrichment. Academy of Management Review, 31(1), 72–92. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2006.19379625

Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate data analysis (8th ed.). Cengage Learning.

Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2021). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.

Hammer, L. B., Kossek, E. E., Yragui, N. L., Bodner, T. E., & Hanson, G. C. (2009). Development and validation of a multidimensional measure of family supportive supervisor behaviors (FSSB). Journal of Management, 35(4), 837–856.

Haynes, B. P. (2008). An evaluation of the impact of the office environment on productivity. Facilities, 26(5/6), 178–195.

Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8

Kirchmeyer, C. (2000). Work-life initiatives: Greener pastures or eye wash? In C. L. Cooper & D. M. Rousseau (Eds.), Trends in organizational behavior (Vol. 7, pp. 79–93). John Wiley & Sons.

Kossek, E. E., & Ozeki, C. (1998). Work-family conflict, policies, and the job-life satisfaction relationship: A review and directions for organizational behavior-human resources research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(2), 139–149.

Likert, R. (1932). A technique for the measurement of attitudes. Archives of Psychology, 140, 1–55.

Noe, R. A., Hollenbeck, J. R., Gerhart, B., & Wright, P. M. (2017). Human resource management: Gaining a competitive advantage (10th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.

Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill.

Raziq, A., & Maulabakhsh, R. (2015). Impact of working environment on employee's performance. Procedia Economics and Finance, 23, 717–723. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00524-9

Ringle, C. M., Wende, S., & Becker, J. M. (2015). SmartPLS 3. SmartPLS GmbH.

Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research methods for business: A skill building approach (7th ed.). John Wiley & Sons.

Sirgy, M. J., & Lee, D. J. (2018). Work-life balance: An integrative review. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 13(1), 229–254. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-017-9509-8

Spreitzer, G. M. (1995). Psychological empowerment in the workplace: Dimensions, measurement, and validation. Academy of Management Journal, 38(5), 1442–1465.

Vischer, J. C. (2007). The effects of the physical workplace environment on worker behavior and performance. Stress and Health, 23(3), 175–184.

Wayne, J. H., Butts, M. M., Casper, W. J., & Allen, T. D. (2017). In search of balance: A conceptual and empirical integration of work-family balance and work-family enrichment. Human Resource Management, 56(1), 167–182.

Westover, J. H., Westover, A. R., & Westover, L. A. (2010). Enhancing employee engagement in the public sector. International Journal of Public Productivity and Performance Management, 59(3), 295–313.

Wright, P. M., & McMahan, G. C. (1992). Theoretical perspectives for strategic human resource management. Journal of Management, 18(2), 295–320