Kajian Teoretis tentang Faktor Internal dan Eksternal dalam Perkembangan Peserta Didik: Penelitian

lutfiyah; M. Ramli

doi:10.31004/jerkin.v4i2.4037

Authors

lutfiyah Magister Pendidikan Agama Islam Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin
M. Ramli Magister Pendidikan Agama Islam Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31004/jerkin.v4i2.4037

Keywords:

Perkembangan Peserta Didik, Faktor Internal, Faktor Eksternal

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara komprehensif berbagai faktor internal dan eksternal yang memengaruhi perkembangan peserta didik. Perkembangan peserta didik tidak berlangsung secara linear, melainkan merupakan proses dinamis yang dipengaruhi oleh interaksi antara aspek fisiologis, psikologis, kognitif, serta lingkungan sosial, budaya, dan pendidikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan metode studi pustaka, yang menelaah berbagai literatur relevan dalam rentang sepuluh tahun terakhir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor internal seperti kondisi kesehatan fisik, motivasi, minat, emosi, serta kemampuan kognitif memiliki peran penting dalam menentukan kesiapan dan keberhasilan belajar peserta didik. Di sisi lain, faktor eksternal seperti pola pengasuhan keluarga, kualitas pengajaran dan kompetensi guru, interaksi dengan teman sebaya, nilai budaya masyarakat, serta kondisi lingkungan fisik sekolah secara signifikan memengaruhi perkembangan sosial, emosional, dan akademik peserta didik. Analisis temuan menunjukkan bahwa keseimbangan antara faktor internal dan eksternal merupakan kunci bagi perkembangan peserta didik yang optimal. Pendidikan yang responsif terhadap kedua aspek tersebut berpotensi meningkatkan hasil belajar, motivasi, serta pembentukan karakter siswa secara lebih menyeluruh.

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