Inovasi Pangan Lokal sebagai Strategi Efisien Pembiayaan Kesehatan Anak Sekolah Dasar di Aek Parombunan Sibolga: Penelitian

Benri Situmorang; Herlina; Roni Gunawan

doi:10.31004/jerkin.v4i1.2084

Authors

Benri Situmorang Institut Kesehatan Helvetia
Herlina Institut Kesehatan Helvetia
Roni Gunawan Institut Kesehatan Helvetia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31004/jerkin.v4i1.2084

Keywords:

Protein; Kekurangan yodium; mengatasi (KVA)

Abstract

Kurang Energi Protein (KEP) merupakan salah satu masalah gizi utama di Indonesia, terutama pada balita sebagai generasi penerus bangsa. KEP dapat menghambat pertumbuhan dan perkembangan mental anak. Balita dengan KEP berat menunjukkan gejala klinis seperti kwashiorkor atau marasmus. menyebutkan bahwa KEP meningkatkan risiko gangguan motorik, rendahnya fungsi kognitif, dan menurunnya kapasitas aktivitas, bahkan meningkatkan risiko kematian. Di Indonesia, kekurangan yodium juga menjadi tantangan kesehatan masyarakat, khususnya di wilayah dengan akses terbatas terhadap pangan laut. Salah satu solusi efektif adalah memperkaya pangan lokal dengan bahan alami yang tinggi yodium, seperti udang. Udang laut, terutama jenis Penaeus vannamei dan Penaeus monodon, kaya akan protein berkualitas tinggi, rendah lemak, serta mengandung mikronutrien penting seperti selenium, vitamin B12, dan yodium. Setiap 100 gram udang mengandung sekitar 35–40 mikrogram yodium, menjadikannya sumber hewani yang sangat baik untuk mencukupi kebutuhan mineral ini. Masalah lain yang masih umum terjadi adalah kekurangan vitamin A (KVA), terutama di negara berkembang, termasuk Indonesia. KVA dapat terjadi pada segala usia, terutama pada masa pertumbuhan. Gangguan akibat KVA pada mata dikenal sebagai xeroftalmia, yang mencakup kelainan anatomi dan fungsi retina hingga menyebabkan kebutaan. Selain itu, KVA melemahkan sistem kekebalan dan mengganggu regenerasi sel epitel kulit. Anak usia 6 bulan hingga 4 tahun merupakan kelompok yang paling rentan, dan KVA menjadi salah satu penyebab utama gangguan penglihatan pada anak di negara berkembang

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